Seven ways the cold weather impacts our physical health
This time of year can feel like a lot. Not only are we dealing with shorter days, energy bill price hikes and freezing temperatures, we also have to navigate all the illnesses and grisly side-effects of the winter months.
And while we come to expect things like the common cold or, worse, the flu, it isn't just infections and viruses that we're at risk of in winter.
How the cold weather impacts our physical health
1. Aching joints and worsening of arthritis
If you suffer from chronic joint pain or inflammation of the joints, winter can make matters worse as the cold constricts our blood vessels. While the body does this to help us conserve heat, it can also reduce blood flow, which in turn may lead to stiffness and accentuate arthritis.
Top tip: In addition to wearing layers, thermals and gloves, you may also wish to invest in some heat patches and hand warmers. It's also important to keep the body active to help prevent your joints from seizing up.
2. Poor circulation, blood clots and subsequent heart issues
Another side-effect of reduced blood flow is poor circulation and thickened blood, which in turn can lead to clotting. This can put strain on the heart and be particularly dangerous for those who already suffer with heart conditions. In some instances, this can lead to a heart attack or even stroke.
Top tip: To help improve your circulation, it's recommended that you stretch and exercise regularly. Massaging affected areas can also help promote circulation, as can cutting back from alcohol and increasing the amount of water you drink.
3. Lung problems and difficulty breathing
Cold air also tends to be dry, and without some level of humidity, those with chronic lung conditions or breathing difficulties may find it harder to breathe and cope this time of year. The cold temperatures can lead to wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and, in some instances, bronchitis and other such infections.
Top tip: Drink plenty of fluids, as hydration helps protect your lungs. Where possible, try to limit how many times you go outside, particularly on cold days, and when you do, it's advisable you breathe through your nose. Should you suffer with asthma, it's a good idea to keep your inhaler on you at all times.
4. Headaches and migraines
We’ve all felt the sensation of cold air whipping our faces – and, as well as being rather unpleasant, it can also prompt headaches and migraines. This is likewise due to the reduced blood flow, as the brain gets less of it and therefore headaches are triggered. You may also contract sinusitis or get congested this time of year, which can also contribute to headaches and migraines.
Top tip: Try to monitor weather changes if you are prone to headaches and migraines ordinarily. Reducing stress levels and eating healthily can also help curb the effects of headaches. If you go out, do also wear a hat to keep your head warm.
5. Dry and cracked skin
If it’s not the cold air outside, it’s the warm air pumping from our radiators – and both can have an adverse effect on our skin (and hair, while we’re at it). The cold and lack of moisture in the air can reduce the amount of sebum created, which in turn dries our skin out. Similarly, fluctuating temperatures and our central heating can dry out the skin. Once cracked, our skin is much more prone to damage and it can require a lot of moisturiser and Vaseline to get it back on track.
Top tip: If you are prone to dry skin this time of year, it's advisable that you exfoliate and moisturise regularly. While tempting, avoid having really hot showers and blasting the central heating, as these, too, contribute to cracked skin.
6. Colds, flu and pneumonia
Although the cold weather does not cause infections, it can make you more likely to get sick. Airborne viruses survive better in cooler temperatures and our immune systems tend to be weakened in the cold weather – along with our responses.
Top tip: As well as taking up cold and flu jab offers through the NHS, private healthcare and/or work, you can reduce your chances of catching a cold or flu by regularly washing your hands, eating well and getting plenty of rest. Heating your home to at least 18C is also essential, along with wearing plenty of layers.
7. Accidents caused by ice, snow – and, yes, booze
From slippery surfaces to dry ice and self-induced clumsiness, you are four times more likely to have an accident in the colder months.
Dr Hilary Jones says: "Alcohol impairs balance and coordination, making it easier to slip or trip, especially in icy conditions during winter. In the event of a fall, icy surfaces can lead to serious injuries like fractures, sprains, or head trauma. If you do suffer a fall or injury, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. For minor sprains and bruises, apply ice and/or heat."
Top tip: Try to reduce your alcohol intake where possible. There are a range of alcohol-free and low-alcohol alternatives now, and apps such as the NHS' Drink Free Days one can help you keep track of your progress – and how many calories and pounds you are saving!
Read more about cold weather and health
11 ways to protect yourself against winter illnesses, according to Dr Hilary Jones (Yahoo Life UK, 6-min read)
Why do I keep getting colds – and how can I prevent them? (Yahoo Life UK, 8-min read)
ITV doctor Hilary Jones issues vitamin D warning amid cold weather (Yahoo Life UK, 4-min read)
