Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine will be sold to developing countries at cost price

The coronavirus vaccine produced by Oxford University and AstraZeneca will be available at cost – not for profit – “in perpetuity” to low and middle income countries in the developing world.

The details of arrangements to supply poorer countries came as AstraZeneca revealed the interim results of phase 3 trial of a vaccine that is being heralded as being the first to meet the more challenging requirements of the developing world.

Unlike the two vaccines produced by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech, which require ultra cold storage, the AstraZeneca vaccine can be kept in the kind of conventional fridge used to store vaccines around the world with a shelf life of up to six months.

Also unlike the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, AstraZeneca’s experimental vaccine is already a part of Covax, the global initiative which hopes to distribute some 2bn doses to 92 low- and middle-income countries at a maximum cost of $3 a dose.

As global justice campaigners demanded more transparency from Oxford and AstraZeneca over details of the deal to supply doses to the developing world, the partnership confirmed in a statement that lower income countries would receive the vaccine on a not for profit basis.

“A key element of Oxford’s partnership with AstraZeneca is the joint commitment to provide the vaccine on a not-for-profit basis for the duration of the pandemic across the world, and in perpetuity to low- and middle-income countries.”

As part of the initiative, AstraZeneca announced during the summer it would make 1.3bn doses of its then untried vaccine available at cost to ensure that any vaccine was not cornered by the world’s wealthiest countries.

Related: Latest vaccine success is good news but high price may restrict access

The arrangement follows deals both with Covax and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (Cepi), which agreed to help fund AstraZeneca’s vaccine manufacturing programme even while it was still being developed.

Under the arrangement the Serum Institute of India will produce 1bn doses under licence from AstraZeneca for India and low-income countries with the aim of producing 400m doses by the end of the year.

Even before the interim results of the vaccine’s phase 3 trials were announced it was suggested that the Indian government would rapidly follow any emergency use authorisation issued by the UK government to grant its own emergency use authorisation.

“We have started manufacturing the product,” the Serum Institute’s executive director, Suresh Jadhav, said over the weekend, adding that the institute could produce 50m-60m doses of the vaccine candidate developed by AstraZeneca and Oxford University every month from January, with 80m-100m doses already produced.

The promising results from AstraZeneca come at a time of mounting concern over how to distribute the vaccine equitably.

With an estimate that over 17bn doses may be required globally, and with the risk some may be spoiled, the world’s wealthiest countries have used their economic clout to over-procure potential vaccines, often from multiple candidates from the over 300 in development, to push to the front of the queue.

Countries in the developing world, by contrast, have been left behind, lacking the influence of blocs such as the European Union.

Another advantage of the AstraZeneca vaccine, as opposed to the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, which are based on mRNA technology and require ultra-cold-storage capacity chains – similar to that required for the Ebola vaccine successfully used in the Democratic Republic of the Congo – is that it can be stored at more normal temperatures and is expected to last longer.

By comparison, Pfizer plans to distribute its vaccine using specially designed “thermal shippers” that use dry ice to maintain temperatures of -70C.

AstraZeneca has said it will immediately apply for early approval of the vaccine where possible, and it will seek an emergency use listing from the World Health Organization, so it can make the vaccine available in low-income countries.

Pascal Soriot, the chief executive of the drug firm, said on Monday that the Oxford vaccine’s simpler supply chain and AstraZeneca’s commitment to provide it on a nonprofit basis during the pandemic meant it would be affordable and available to people around the world.

He said: “Today marks an important milestone in our fight against the pandemic. This vaccine’s efficacy and safety confirm that it will be highly effective against Covid-19 and will have an immediate impact on this public health emergency. Furthermore, the vaccine’s simple supply chain and our no-profit pledge and commitment to broad, equitable and timely access means it will be affordable and globally available, supplying hundreds of millions of doses on approval.”

Welcoming the new data from AstraZeneca Seth Berkley, chief executive of Gavi, the global vaccines alliance and one of the key partners in Covax, suggested the vaccine would be more accessible to poorer countries.

“In an ideal world we would like to have vaccines that have a long shelf life, that are temperature stable, ideally easy to use,” he told the BBC. “ Some still require ultra cold chain, that’s storage at minus 80C, and that does make it difficult.

“The advantage of the AstraZeneca vaccine, it can be stored in an ordinary refrigerator, from 2-8 degrees, and is similar to the characteristics of other vaccines that we use in the developing world.”