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What is a Leap Year and why does it occur?

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The Gregorian calendar year is typically made up of 365 days but usually every four years an additional day is added, making it a Leap Year.

The additional day is added to the month of February, meaning that 29 February only ever comes around on a four-yearly basis.

But what is the significance of Leap Years and why do they occur? Here is everything you need to know.

Why do Leap Years usually happen every four years?

During a Leap Year, one extra day is added to the Gregorian calendar, meaning that there are 366 days in the year in total.

The calendar dictates that there are 365 days in the year, as this is the approximate time it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun.

However, the time it actually takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun – to be exact – is closer to 365.25 days.

Therefore, in order to ensure that the calendar seasons remain synchronised with the solar seasons, an additional day is marked on the calendar every four years.

According to Daniel Brown, associate professor in the School of Science and Technology at Nottingham Trent University, if we didn’t observe Leap Years, then in around 750 years’ time, the coldest time of the year would fall in June.

“That’s how much this shift would really make an effect on the calendar itself,” Mr Brown said.

While it is widely acknowledged that Leap Years occur every four years, there are exceptions to the rule.

“As it turns out, if you stick in one [Leap Day] every four years, that’s a few too many,” stated James Evans, a physics professor at the University of Puget Sound.

Therefore, Leap Years fall on every year that is divisible by four, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100.

However, years that are divisible by 100 are still Leap Years if they are exactly divisible by 400. So, the years 1600 and 2000 were still Leap Years, while the years 1700 and 1900 were not.

What is Leap Day?

Leap Day occurs at the end of February, giving the second month of the year 29 days instead of its usual 28.

The first Leap Day was introduced by Julius Caesar on the Julian Calendar, which he established in 45 BC.

Prior to the rule of the Roman Emperor Augustus, which began in 27 BC, it is said that the month of February had 30 days, while the month of August had 29.

It is believed that Augustus wanted his dedicated month, the 29-day August, to have as many days as the month named after Julius Caesar, the 31-day July.

The theory dictates that the emperor then decided to remove two days from February to add onto August, thus making February a 28-day month.

According to Ben Gold, a professor of astronomy and physics at Hamline University, February ended up being the chosen month for Leap Day because “the Romans didn’t really like February very much”, describing it as “the leftover month that nobody really wanted to begin with”.

“They had winter, a long period of winter, which they didn’t really like very much and didn’t even want to put it in months,” he stated.

A person who is born on 29 February may be referred to as a “leap-year baby”, a “leaper” or a “leapling”.

Notable individuals born on 29 February include rapper Ja Rule, life coach Tony Robbins, singer and actor Dinah Shore and Pope Paul III.

When is the next Leap Year?

The next Leap Year will take place in 2024.

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